Monday, September 28, 2015

{40} Edward III Descents for Mary Butler, Wife of Ralph Standish Howard of Glossop

Ballyragget Castle, co. Kilkenny 
When Lord George Howard, the eldest son of the 6th Duke of Norfolk & his mistress-turned-duchess Jane Bickerton, made out his will in December 1720, he made his younger brother Lord Frederick Henry Howard his immediate heir to his estates, chiefly Holmes Hall in Rotherham, Yorkshire, and the manor of Glossop in Derbyshire. But should Lord Frederick die without male heirs, Glossop was to be held in trust for Lord George's nephew and godson, George Howard Standish, then fifteen years old. Lord George also left his nephew-godson a bequest of £1,000. Lord George had arranged the marriage of his sister Lady Philippa Howard to Ralph Standish, and seems to have viewed her and her family as his natural heirs. Their 36-year-old younger brother Lord Frederick Henry Howard was childless, and as his wife was about age forty in 1720, was likely to remain so. Lord George insured that his sister Lady Philippa Standish, who had suffered heavy financial loss due to her husband's involvement in the Jacobite uprising five years previous, would be secure in her later years by leaving her a rent charge of £200 a year, which she would start receiving after their brother Lord Frederick's death. Lord George also made the provision in his will that should his nephew-godson Lord George Howard Standish die without heirs male, Glossop should go to his elder brother Ralph Standish, provided that he assumed the surname and arms of Howard.

Lord George Howard died in March 1721, three months after making his will, and Lord Frederick Henry Howard duly succeeded to the estates. George Howard Standish died in May 1726, only aged 21. So when Lord Frederick died the following year in March 1727, childless, just as Lord George had thought he would, Glossop went to Ralph, the only surviving son of Lady Philippa Standish. Ralph, already heir to his father's ancestral home of Standish Hall in Lancashire, now assumed the Howard coat of arms in lieu of that of Standish, and added the surname Howard. The new lord of the manor of Glossop, Ralph Standish Howard, was age 25 when he inherited, and two years later in 1729 commissioned the building of a proper manor house in Glossop, which came to be known as Royle Hall.
Butlers of Ormonde coat of arms.
The Mountgarret Butlers differenced with a
crescent in the middle. I'm
uncertain whether the Butlers
of Ballyragget further differenced

It's not clear why Ralph turned to Ireland to find a wife, but the lady he settled on, Mary Butler of Ballyragget, was Catholic like himself, and her family would've been well-known to his own. Ballyragget Castle in county Kilkenny had been the favourite residence of Margaret (Fitzgerald), Countess of Ormonde, the wife of Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormonde, in the 16th-century, and she insured that it went to their second (and her favourite) son Richard Butler, later created 1st Viscount Mountgarret. The exploits of Countess Margaret was the stuff of local legend in Ballyragget, so when the 4th Viscount Mountgarret earmarked the castle and manor to be the inheritance of his younger son, Hon. Edward Butler, it was a mark of special favour.

Hon. Edward Butler of Ballyragget Castle was not only a staunch Catholic, he could claim descent through his mother (the 4th Viscount Mountgarret's third wife) from the 16th-century English Catholic family the Barons Vaux of Harrowden (see Line A below). Hon. Edward Butler eagerly joined the cause of James II when that deposed monarch landed in Ireland in 1689, and was made a senior officer in the Jacobite Irish Army, where he would come to know Major-General Thomas Maxwell, one of the commanding officers, and Maxwell's stepson Lord George Howard. After the Jacobite defeat at the Battle of Boyne in 1690, Hon. Edward Butler, suffered forfeiture of his estates, and died the following year.

His eldest son and heir George Butler had fought alongside him, but was able in the ensuing years to gain back Ballyragget Castle and his father's other estates. George Butler no doubt welcomed Ralph Standish Howard, the heir of Lord George Howsrd, to Ireland in 1730, and had no qualms giving the young man the hand of his eldest daughter Mary Butler. The young couple had a son, Ralph, who died young, then sadly, Ralph Standish Howard died of smallpox at Ballyragget in April 1735. He was only aged 33, and his wife Mary gave birth to his son and heir Edward six months later. Sadly that son also died in infancy, in March 1737. Ralph's father, the elder Ralph Standish, now had no male heir to inherit Standish Hall. Royle Hall in Glossop, meanwhile, reverted, per the terms of Lord George Howard's 1720 will, to Ralph Standish Howard's first cousin, Edward, 9th Duke of Norfolk, and the family's dream of a Standish-Howard line of descendants came to naught.

MARY BUTLER, b. c.1710, d. unknown, bur. unknown, elder dau. of George Butler of Ballyragget Castle, co. Kilkenny (c.1675-1752, descended from Edward III - see Generation A13 below) & Hon. Catherine King (c.1682-1762, descended from Edward I); m. 4 June 1730 Ballyragget, RALPH STANDISH HOWARD of Royle Hall, Glossop, Derbyshire, b. Standish Hall, Lancashire, bap. March 1702 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, d. Apr. 1735 Ballyragget Castle, bur. unknown, 3rd but est surviving son and heir of Ralph Standish of Standish Hall & Lady Philippa Howard.

Issue of Mary (Butler) & Ralph Standish Howard:

1) RALPH HOWARD, d. in infancy

2) EDWARD STANDISH HOWARD of Royle Hall, Glossop, b. (posthumous) 22 Oct. 1735 Ballyragged Castle; d. in infancy, bur. 13 Mar. 1737 St Wilfrid Church, Standish.

Mary Butler has three lines of descent from Edward III, as follows. Her father George Butler is ancestor to the current Baron Vaux of Harrowden (see Burke's Peerage, 107th Edition 2003, p. 3982).

Edward III had two sons A1 & C1 (see below)
A1) John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) m. 3) Katherine Roet (c.1350-1403), and had
A2) Lady Joan Beaufort (c.1377-1440) m. 2) Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland (1364-1425), and had
A3) Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury (c.1398-1460) m. Lady Alice Montagu (1406-1462, descended from Edward I), and had
A4) Lady Alice Neville (c.1434-aft.1503) m. Henry, 5th Lord Fitzhugh (1429-1472), and had
A5) Elizabeth Fitzhugh (1462-bef.1507) m. 1) Sir William Parr of Kendal (1434-1483), and had a dau A6 & a son B6 (see below)
A6) Anne Parr (c.1482-aft.1513) m. Sir Thomas Cheney of Irthlingborough (by 1449-1514), and had
3rd Baron Vaux - see
Generation A8
A7) Elizabeth Cheney (c.1504-1556) m. Thomas, 2nd Baron Vaux of Harrowden (1509-1556, descended from Edward I), and had
A8) William, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden (1535-1595) m. 2) Mary Tresham (see B9 below), and had
A9) George Vaux of Irthlingborough (1564-1594) m. Elizabeth Roper (d. aft.1625), and had
A10) Mary Vaux (c.1587-by 1612) m. Sir George Simeon of Baldwin Brightwell (c.1584-1664), and had
A11) Elizabeth Simeon (c.1610-1673) m. 2) Edmund Butler, 4th Viscount Mountgarret (c.1599-1679, descended from Edward I), and had
A12) Hon. Edward Butler of Ballyragget Castle (1638-1691) m. Elizabeth Mathew (see C11 below), and had
A13) George Butler of Ballyragget Castle (c.1675-1752) m. Hon. Catherine King (c.1682-1762, descended from Edward I), and had
A14) Mary Butler (b. c.1710) m. Ralph Standish Howard of Glossop

B6) William, 1st Baron Parr of Horton (c.1480-1546) m. Mary Salisbury (1484-1555), and had
Mary (née Tresham), Lady Vaux
- see Generation B9
B7) Anne Parr (c.1507-by 1540) m. Sir Thomas Tresham of Rushton Hall (by 1500-1559), and had
B8) John Tresham, Heir of Rushton Hall (c.1525-1546) m. Eleanor Catesby (d. 1546), and had
B9) Mary Tresham (b. c.1545) m. William, 3rd Baron Vaux of Harrowden (see A8 above)

C1) Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (1341-1402) m. 1) Infanta Isabel of Castile (1355-1392), and had
C2) Lady Constance Plantagenet of York (c.1375-1416) = Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (1382-1408, descended from Edward I), and had
C3) Eleanor Holland, illegit. (b. c.1406) m. James Tuchet, 5th Lord Audley (c.1398-1459), and had
C4) Sir Humphrey Audley of Middleton (c.1435-1471) m. Elizabeth Courtenay (c.1435-1493, descended from Edward I), and had
C5) Elizabeth Audley (d. by 1530) m. John Sydenham of Brimpton (c.1468-1542), and had
C6) Sir John Sydenham of Brimpton (by 1493-1557) m. Ursula Brydges (d. 1576), and had
Elizabeth (née Poyntz), wife of
Capt. Mathew - see Generation C9
C7) Anne Sydenham m. Alexander Sydenham of Luxborough (d. 1584), and had
C8) Elizabeth Sydenham (1562-1595) m. Sir John Poyntz of Iron Acton (c.1560-1633, descended from Edward I), and had
C9) Elizabeth Poyntz (d. 1673) m. 2) Capt. George Mathew of Thurles Castle (1581-1636), and had
C10) George Mathew of Thomastown Castle (c.1625-1689) m. Eleanor Butler (descended from Edward I), and had
C11) Elizabeth Mathew (b. c.1647) m. Hon. Edward Butler of Ballyragget Castle (see A12 above)

My next blogpost will look at the Edward I descent of Arabella Alleyn, wife of Lord George Howard, and the Edward IV descent of her first husband Francis Thompson of Humbleton.

Cheers,                ------Brad

Tuesday, September 22, 2015

{39} Edward III Descents for Ralph Standish (1670-1755), Husband of Lady Philippa Howard

Standish Coat of Arms
Lady Philippa Howard was the youngest daughter of Henry, 6th Duke of Norfolk, and Jane Bickerton, his mistress-turned-duchess. Born in September 1678 at her mother's home in Weybridge, Surrey, she was only age five when her father died. She was also the first child to be born after her father had succeeded to the dukedom and made his secret second marriage public, so there was never any question regarding her legitimacy. This of course greatly increased her prospects on the marriage market, and, unlike her two elder sisters, Catherine and Anne, she escaped the fate of living out the rest of her days as a cloistered nun in Flanders. Considering how turbulent her life would become, however, the thought may have crossed her mind once or twice, if the quiet life of prayer far from the secular world, which her sisters were leading, wasn't preferable.

When Lady Philippa was ten years old, the King of England, James II, was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. William and Mary, the new monarchs, were Protestant, and Philippa's mother the Duchess, a Catholic, wasn't happy. Her mother had re-married Thomas Maxwell, an officer high in the favour of King James II, who made him a Major-General and one of the commanders of his Dragoons when he invaded Ireland in the following year. Fighting along with their stepfather was Philippa's eldest brother, the 20-year-old Lord George Howard. James II suffered defeat at the hands of his son-in-law William III at the Battle of the Boyne on 1 July 1690. Lord George Howard made peace with the new King William three weeks later, but Maj-Gen. Maxwell remained loyal to James, and returned with him back to exile at St Germain-en-Laye in France.
Battle of the Boyne, July 1690
No doubt Philippa returned to England with her mother, the dowager Duchess of Norfolk, early in 1691. The Duchess had sold her Weybridge home to Catharine, Countess of Dorchester, formerly mistress to King James II, so she retreated to Holmes Hall outside Rotherham, Yorkshire, one of the handful of non-entailed estates that her late husband the Duke had been able to leave to her. The dowager Duchess died there in August 1693, just three weeks before Lady Philippa's fifteenth birthday. Her stepfather Maj-Gen. Maxwell, died in battle, still fighting under the banner of King James II, in far-off Italy, on 4 October 1693. It was now up to her eldest brother Lord George Howard to determine her fate. Though he'd made his peace with King William, it seems Lord George remained a Jacobite at heart, as evidenced by the match he made for his sister in 1696.

The Standish family had been seated at Standish Hall, Lancashire, for centuries, a proud gentry dynasty which remained firmly Catholic. At the time of the Glorious Revolution, the head of the family was 50-year-old William Standish. In 1690 he plotted with other Lancashire gentlemen to support an invasion of northern England from Ireland by King James. Historian Stan Aspinall, in his excellent website Old Standish, describes what happened next, "The plot was discovered and eight local gentry arrested. William Standish escaped and was declared an outlaw, with a reward of £500 offered for his capture."High up in the chain of command in King James's army in Ireland, Maj-Gen. Maxwell must have at least known of the 1690 Lancashire plot, and likely even supported it. It seems also likely that his stepson Lord George Howard was aware of it as well. Standish was actually a kinsman of Howard, both being descended from the 4th Duke of Norfolk.
Standish Hall, Lancashire
Still an outlaw in 1696, William Standish "made a settlement of the manor [of Standish Hall] and the names of Lady Phillippa Howard and of Lord George Howard appear in the document. It was evidently part of a marriage settlement for in the following year William’s only son and heir married Lady Phillippa" [A detailed, if cluttered and unevenly formatted, website on the Standishes].

This was an incredible, if not dangerous, match for Lord George Howard to make for his eighteen year-old sister, and indicates that they were both confirmed Jacobites and already on familiar terms with their Standish kinsmen.  On their part, the Standishes were making the grandest match in the family's history: no previous family head had ever married into the peerage, let alone the daughter of Norfolk, the premier dukedom in England. (The Standish descent from the 4th Duke of Norfolk - see Line A below - was through the Corby Castle Howards, a junior branch of the family).

Ralph Standish was eight years older than Lady Philippa, and just as strong a Jacobite as his father, whom he succeeded in 1705. The couple had nine children, four sons and five daughters, but only three lived to adulthood, and only one - the youngest daughter Cecilia Standish - would go on and
Jacobite surrender at Preston, Lancashire - November 1715
have surviving issue of her own. Aspinall relays, "Ralph [Standish] was even more audacious, leading a group of local villagers to join the invading Jacobite army at Preston in November, 1715. He was captured there after the unconditional surrender and taken to London in chains: there to be tried for high treason ... she [Lady Philippa] leaves her young family; her youngest [of four children] is just two years old. She takes lodgings in Silver Street [in London], a rather dubious place next door to a brothel and begins to petion on Ralph’s behalf. She eventually gains admission to Newgate prison and sees Ralph but then catches a serious illness. Ralph worries about her condition and not without reason." Those who are like me and fascinated by this history, can find further details in Aspinall's book The Loyal Owls, which I intend to order soon (it's only £7.50).

Ralph Standish's life was spared, but it took the intervention of Lady Philippa's half-nephew Thomas, 8th Duke of Norfolk, and the Standishes were not meant to forget it. In October 1727, Ralph Standish's elder son wrote to him that the Duke of Norfolk wished "to borrow £2,000 from Mr. Standish." When Lady Philippa Standish died in August 1732, she had outlived all but two of her nine children. Five years later, Ralph Standish re-married, to Mary, daughter of Albert Hodgson of Leighton Hall, a fellow Lancashire Jacobite who'd been involved in the 1715 Rising. Ralph lived his final years in retirement and died at the age of 85 in October 1755, the last of the Standish line at Standish Hall, which was carried by his only surviving child Cecilia to the Towneley family.

RALPH STANDISH of Standish Hall, Lancashire, b. 1670, bur. 27 Oct. 1755 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, Lancashire, 2nd but eldest surviving son of William Standish of Standish Hall & Cecily Bindloss; m. (1) 1697, Lady PHILIPPA HOWARD, b. 19 Sept. 1678 Weybridge, Surrey, bap. the same day St James Church, Weybridge, d. 7 Apr. 1732 Standish Hall, bur. same day St Wilfrid Church, Standish, yst dau. of Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk & his 2nd wife Jane Bickerton; m. (2) 1737, as her 1st husband, MARY HODGSON (m. 2nd, George Towneley of Leighton Hall, b. 12 May 1706, d. 1786), dau. and eventual heiress of Albert Hodgson of Leighton Hall & Dorothy Oldfield (descended from Edward III).

Issue of Ralph & Lady Philippa (Howard) Standish:
St Wilfrid Church, Standish

1) WILLIAM STANDISH, b. Standish Hall, bap. 1 June 1698 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, bur. there 18 Dec. 1698.

2) HENRY STANDISH, b. Standish Hall, bap. 8 Feb. 1701 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, bur. there 4 September 1710.

3) RALPH STANDISH [later HOWARD], of Glossop House, Derbyshire, b. Standish Hall, bap. Mar. 1702 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, d. Apr. 1735 Kilkenny, Ireland; m. 4 June 1730, MARY BUTLER, dau. of George Butler of Ballyragget Castle & Hon. Catherine King. Issue.
[Ralph Standish Howard, his wife, and her descents from Edward III, will be covered in the next blogpost]

4) CHARLOTTE STANDISH, b. Standish Hall, bap. 16 Jan. 1704 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, bur. there 8 Jan. 1714.

5) GEORGE HOWARD STANDISH, b. Standish Hall, bap. 11 Feb. 1705 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, bur. there 3 May 1726. Unmarried.

6) MARY STANDISH, b. Standish Hall, bap. 4 May 1707 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, bur. there 26 June 1708.

7) ANNE STANDISH
8) PHILIPPA STANDISH
[There are no baptism entries at Standish for either of the above daughters, nor one for the youngest daughter Cecilia, below. They obviously were born elsewhere. One of the above daughters was still living in 1715, as historian Stan Aspinall states that Lady Philippa left her four children in 1715 when she went down to London to plead for her husband's life.]

9) CECILIA STANDISH, b. 1713 (Aspinall states that Lady Philippa's youngest child was two years old in 1715), d. 1778; m. 1736, WILLIAM TOWNELEY of Towneley Hall, Lancashire, b. 30 May 1714 Towneley Hall, bap. there 30 May 1714; d. 2 Feb. 1741, son and heir of Richard Towneley of Towneley Hall & Hon. Mary Katherine Widdrington. Issue, with living descendants - see Table XXXIV p. 27 in Ruvigny's Clarence volume.

Neither the Genealogics nor the Roglo databases have as yet any ancestry for Ralph Standish.
Lady Philippa Howard and her daughter Cecilia Standish appear on p. 291 of Ruvigny's Anne of Exeter volume. William Standish and his son Ralph appear on p. 403 of his Mortimer-Percy volume. That line, along with two others from Edward III, are given below.

Edward III had two sons A1 & B1 (see below)
A1) Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (1338-1368) m. 1) Lady Elizabeth de Burgh (1332-1363, descended from Edward I), and had
A2) Lady Philippa Plantagenet of Clarence (1355-1377) m. Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March (1352-1381), and had
A3) Lady Elizabeth Mortimer (1371-1417) m. 1) Sir Henry 'Hotspur' Percy (1364-1403), and had
A4) Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1394-1455) m. Lady Eleanor Neville (1403-1472, descended from Edward III), and had
A5) Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1421-1461) m. Eleanor Poynings (1428-1484, descended from Edward I), and had
Elizabeth (née Stafford),
Duchess of Norfolk
-
see Generation A8
A6) Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland (c.1449-1489) m. Lady Maud Herbert (c.1457-by 1487), and had
A7) Lady Eleanor Percy (c.1476-1531) m. Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (see B6 below), and had
A8) Lady Elizabeth Stafford (1497-1558) m. Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk (1473-1554, descended from Edward I), and had
A9) Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1516-1547) m. Lady Frances Vere (1517-1577, descended from Edward I), and had
A10) Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (1538-1572) m. 2) Margaret Audley (1540-1564, descended from Edward III), and had
A11) Lord William Howard of Naworth Castle (1563-1640) m. Elizabeth Dacre (1564-1639, descended from Edward III), and had
A12) Sir Francis Howard of Corby Castle (1588-1659) m. 1) Margaret Preston (c.1600-1625, descended from Edward I), and had
A13) Elizabeth Howard (b. c.1620) m. Edward Standish of Standish Hall (1617-1682, descended from Edward I), and had
A14) William Standish of Standish Hall (1638-1705) m. Cecily Bindloss (see C12 below), and had
A15) Ralph Standish of Standish Hall (1670-1755) m. 1) Lady Philippa Howard

B1) John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) m. 3) Katherine Roet (c.1350-1403), and had
B2) John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1373-1410) m. Lady Margaret Holland (1383-1439, descended from Edward I), and had
2nd Duke of Somerset -
see Generation B3
B3) Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1406-1455) m. Lady Eleanor Beauchamp (1408-1467, descended from Edward I), and had 2 daus B4 & C4 (see below)
B4) Lady Margaret Beaufort (c.1437-1480) m. 1) Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford (c.1425-1458, descended from Edward III), and had
B5) Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham (1455-1483) m. Lady Katherine Woodville (c.1458-1497), and had
B6) Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham (1478-1521) m. Lady Eleanor Percy (see A7 above)

C4) Lady Eleanor Beaufort (c.1440-1501) m. 2) Sir Robert Spencer of Ashbury (c.1435-1510), and had
C5) Margaret Spencer (b. c.1472) m. Thomas Carey of Moulsford (b. c.1460, descended from Edward I), and had
C6) William Carey of Aldenham (c.1496-1528) m. Lady Mary Boleyn (c.1499-1543, descended from Edward I), and had
Anne (née Knollys), Lady De La Warr -
see Generation C8
C7) Katherine Carey (c.1523-1569) m. Sir Francis Knollys of Rotherfield Greys (c.1512-1596), and had
C8) Anne Knollys (1555-1608) m. Thomas West, 2nd Baron De La Warr (by 1556-1602, descended from Edward I), and had
C9) Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (1577-1618) m. Cecily Shirley (d. 1662, descended from Edward I), and had
C10) Hon. Cecilia West (c.1605-1638) m. 1) Sir Francis Bindloss, Heir of Borwick Hall (1603-1629, descended from Edward I), and had
C11) Sir Robert Bindloss, 1st Baronet of Borwick (1624-1688) m. Rebecca Perry (d. 1708), and had
C12) Cecily Bindloss (d. 1730) m. William Standish of Standish Hall (see A14 above)

Cheers,                                       -----Brad

Monday, September 21, 2015

{38} The Second Family of the 6th Duke of Norfolk

Henry Howard in 1675, when Earl of Norwich,
about the time of his secret second marriage
On 23 January 1678, John Evelyn, a founding member of the Royal Society, noted of his good friend Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, that he "now newly declared his marriage to his concubine, whom he promised me he would never marry." Evelyn and Howard had been friends for more than thirty years, since 1645, when they toured the art collections of Venice together. Howard's grandfather, the 14th Earl of Arundel, was an avid art collector, and his two eldest grandsons Thomas and Henry, were living with him in Padua. Tragedy struck when, after a fever, Thomas descended into a madness from which he would never recover. The following year, the Earl of Arundel died, and 18-year-old Henry Howard accompanied his father, the new 15th Earl of Arundel, in escorting his grandfather's body back to England for burial.

But Howard's father the 15th Earl was distrusted back home regarding his religion and royalist activity, and the family's estates were sequestered. In April 1652, the 15th Earl died, unsuccessful in settling up the heavy fines and troubled inheritance. Hon. Henry, now aged 24, was the de facto head of the premier ducal family in England, though the three earldoms--Arundel, Surrey & Norfolk--which his father & grandfather had held, passed to his mentally incapacitated elder brother. Six months after his father's death, Howard took an appropriately high-born noble lady to wife, Lady Anne Somerset, the 21-year-old eldest daughter of the 2nd Marquess of Worcester, and her death ten years later in 1662 sent him into "a deep melancholy," followed by (according to Evelyn), "base and vicious courses." He did manage to compound for and refinance most of the family debts, providing himself a healthy income said to be £25,000 a year. Denied a public role on the national level because of his Catholicism, Howard nevertheless remained a prominent figure in East Anglia. He spent time abroad in the mid-1660s, travelling to Vienna, Constantinople, and as far off as India. His friend Evelyn helped Howard to become a Fellow of the Royal Society, and thought he had great abilities and a smooth tongue but little judgement. By 1667, the widower Hon. Henry, approaching age 40, had all of the family responsibilities and none of the family titles, all, including the dukedom of Norfolk, revised by Parliament in 1660 at the Restoration, still held by his elder brother Thomas, mad and incarcerated in Padua.

Jane Bickerton, Duchess of Norfolk
It is in this state that Howard met the beautiful 23-year-old Jane Bickerton, daughter of a deceased clerk who had seen to the King's wine cellar. Exactly how they met is not clear: Howard's ODNB bio states she was an actress, but provides no details on her career. Their affair produced a son George, born in 1668, but was interrupted the following year when Henry was created Baron Howard of Castle Rising in March, and appointed Ambassador to Morocco, where he spent July 1669 to October 1670. On his return to England, he saw his career flourish--he was created Earl of Norwich in 1672--and his affair with the lovely Jane was resumed. It seems to be at this time that John Evelyn was first made aware of it. He wrote an entry in his diary, dated 17 October 1671, "that though he [Howard] kept that idle creature, Mrs. B[ickerton], and would leave £200 a year to the son he had by her, he would never marry her; and that the king himself had cautioned him against it." This advice coming not only from his king, but from a king well-versed in the intricacies of mistresses and bastard children, Howard apparently took it to heart. He continued his affair with Jane, but didn't marry her. Another child, daughter Catherine, was born a short time later, and a third, son James, followed in 1673. One bastard son by a mistress was fairly typical for a nobleman, and tolerated within the family, but Howard here was going beyond the norm with Jane. He was forming a second family with her, which did not engender a positive reaction at all from his siblings.

The death of Henry's mother Elizabeth, dowager countess of Arundel, in January 1674, seems to have opened the floodgates for a full family quarrel. Henry's younger siblings, who'd been grumbling for years that he was mismanaging the family finances and not giving them the full portions which their father the 15th Earl of Arundel had wished for them, now pursued legal actions. Later that year, they petitioned for the return to England of their eldest brother Thomas in Padua, claiming he was not really insane. The marriage of Henry's youngest sister Lady Elizabeth Howard (1651-1706) to Alexander MacDonnell (d. 1677), heir to an Irish baronetcy, which also occurred in 1674 after their mother's death, seems to have prompted her and two of her brothers, Hon. Edward and Hon. Bernard Howard, to sue Henry over their inheritance portions. Henry's passive-aggressive response to the death of his mother and the problems with his younger siblings, was marriage to his mistress Jane Bickerton, which also seems to have occurred, privately and secretly, in 1674. For starting in March 1675, and proceeding until September 1684, the parish register of Weybridge, Surrey, records the birth and christenings of five children of Henry Howard and Jane.
St James Church, Weybridge, Surrey
Henry's marriage and growing family with Jane launched new concern. In March 1677, his younger brothers Edward and Bernard Howard, filed a petition insisting that any children born before the marriage should not "oust the rightful heirs." Nine months later, in December, the mentally ill Thomas Howard, titular duke of Norfolk, finally died in Padua, and Henry succeeded as 6th Duke. Secure in his title and status, he made his marriage public, prompting Evelyn's diary lament in January 1678, and turning Jane Bickerton from a middle-class mistress into the Duchess of Norfolk, a title which no lady had held in over a hundred years.

Jane had a house in Weybridge that was her own, which the Duke proceeded to remodel extravagantly. "He has laid out in building near £10,000 on a copyhold," John Evelyn sniffed in his diary after being shown around it by the Duke, "and in a miserable barren sandy place by the street side; never in my life had I seen such expense to so small purpose." The diarist's father Richard Evelyn of Wotton (d. 1640) had served the Duke's grandfather the 14th Earl of Arundel as a trustee of
John Evelyn, the diarist
Albury in Surrey,  a residence for the Howard family in the suburbs outside of London. The Evelyn family had made their fortune in the production of gunpowder, so this was the son of new money expressing dismay at what he perceived was the waste of old money. That Evelyn privately felt superior both intellectually and culturally to his colleague the Duke is clear from his diary entries (which he had no idea would ever be published), and his having to publicly acknowledge the Duke's superiority simply because of the blue blood flowing through the Howard veins must have been quite taxing. In regards to the Duke's marriage to a woman of such lower social status, Evelyn's diary entries contain a strong sense of schaudenfreude.

Henry and Jane enjoyed their titles of Duke and Duchess of Norfolk for six years. Most of the Duke's estates were entailed and could only pass to his eldest son, but the Duke did take the few which were not - chief of which were Holmes Hall outside of Rotherham, Yorkshire, and Glossop House in Derbyshire - and in his will granted them to the Duchess Jane for life, with remainder to their elder son Lord George Howard and his heirs male, remainder to their younger son Lord James Howard and his heirs male, and then to "any son that might be born of which his wife might be enceinte at the time of his decease", and then to their three daughters. He was doing the best he could as a father, knowing the adversity his duchess and their children would face once he was gone. Their eldest was only sixteen, the youngest five, and the duchess was again pregnant. Whatever contemporaries thought of Norfolk's unequal second marriage, the evidence that comes through clearly is that it was a loving one that brought the Duke much joy and comfort in his final years. John Evelyn, as determined as ever to get as much of the Duke's art and antiquities collection as he could into the hands of the Royal Society, wrote in May 1683: "Went to visit the Duke of Norfolk and to know whether he would sell me any of his cartoons and other drawings of Raphael and the great masters." The response from the Duke was, "that he would part with and sell anything for money but his wife the Duchess." To this, Evelyn dipped his quill in the fountain of disdain, and added a catty comment in his diary, "and I thought with myself that if I were in his condition she should be the first thing that I would be glad to part with." Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, died in January 1684.
Full heraldic achievement of the Dukes of Norfolk

The low opinion of her held by John Evelyn was the least of the worries of the forty-year-old widowed Duchess. "I am amazed at what you write of my two brothers [probably Edward and Bernard Howard, though Charles, the other surviving brother, had been embroiled in a dispute with the Duke over Greystoke Castle, still unresolved at the Duke's death]," her brother-in-law Cardinal Howard wrote to her in March 1684, "stirring in that which I conceive can bring them no good, but discredit, in adding affliction on the poor innocent." Philip Howard had long ago renounced all claim to the family lands and titles, becoming a Dominican priest in the summer of 1645 in Cremona, Italy, while his eldest brother began his descent into madness in nearby Padua. He was made Cardinal by the Pope in 1675, two years before his brother Henry succeeded their brother as 6th Duke of Norfolk. With no stake in the succession, Cardinal Howard was the only one of the surviving siblings to maintain a positive relationship with the Duke, and with his children by the Duchess. The Cardinal already had the 16-year-old Lord George Howard in his household in Rome when the Duke died, and sent comfort to Lady Catherine Howard, the 13-year-old next oldest child as well, writing to her that he hoped her mother "will find good friends and no enemies, although at first she had some reason to apprehend the contrary." But the situation remained the same during the summer of 1684. "I am sorry to understand that you have some false friends, and secret enemies," the Cardinal wrote to the Duchess in August, "but I hope God Almighty will protect both the widow and fatherless children, unto which all that I can, at this distance, add." The following month the Duchess gave birth at Weybridge to the Duke's posthumous son, Lord Frederick Henry Howard, and insured that her late husband's heart was buried at Princenhoff in Flanders, per his wish, along with the heart of their deceased infant son Lord John Howard, and instructions that her own heart should be buried there as well when the time came.
The Gateway to Portmore Park was all that remained in 1903 of the Weybridge home
of Jane, Duchess of Norfolk. The rest had been pulled down in the 19th century.
In February 1685, Charles II died, succeeded by his brother James II, whose desire was to create religious liberty for English Roman Catholics. Jane, Duchess of Norfolk, was Catholic, and remained a dedicated supporter of King James for the remainder of her life. Lady Catherine, eldest daughter of the Duchess, was clothed a Benedictine nun at Ghent in June 1685 in her 15th year, and professed a year later. The stigma of being born before the marriage of her parents would severely limit Catherine's own marriage prospects, and a cloistered life must have seemed the safest and most acceptable form of providing for her. The Duchess likely facilitated this personally, as she disappears from English records in the latter 1680s, and is thought by Howard family historians to have been on the continent during this period. We don't know the exact date of her marriage to Col. Thomas Maxwell, a Scottish officer from the family of the Earl of Nithsdale who was high in the service of King James, but as Maxwell remained loyal to the King following the revolution of 1688 that forced him from the throne, and followed him into exile to St Germain-en-Laye in France, if the Duchess was not already on the continent, she certainly would have been after the King's deposition.

Maj-Gen. Thomas Maxwell,
second husband of Jane, Duchess of Norfolk
Maxwell was promoted to Major-General in James's army, and commanded his dragoons in Ireland at the Battle of the Boyne on 1 July 1690, with his eldest stepson Lord George Howard also fighting on the King's side. Maxwell remained loyal to James even in defeat, and accompanied him back to exile in France. He continued an officer in the Jacobite army, commanding the King's Irish Dragoons at the battle of Marsiglia, Italy in September 1693, where he was killed. George Howard, meanwhile, made peace with the new King William III three weeks after the Battle of the Boyne, and this may have led to his mother's return to England early in 1691. The Duchess had sold her beloved home in Weybridge to Catharine, Countess of Dorchester, former mistress of James II, evidence of her continuing loyalty to that monarch. The Weybridge home became the Countess's seat, and that of her second husband the 1st Earl of Portmore, and their descendants, who gave it the name of Portmore Park. The dowager Duchess of Norfolk seems to have retreated to Holmes Hall, the Yorkshire estate the Duke had left her, far away from the royal court of William and Mary, and far away from Arundel Castle, the seat of her stepson the 7th Duke of Norfolk. Following her death at Holmes Hall aged 49 in August 1693, her stepson at least allowed her burial beside her Duke in the Fitzalan Chapel at Arundel. "Depositum Illustrissimae Dnae D. Janae, Ducissae Norfolciae" begins the Latin inscription on her coffin-plate there, the Howard family granting her for eternity in death the title that they were loathe to acknowledge was her legal right in life. She left six children, ranging in age from twenty-five to nine, only one of them settled.

JANE BICKERTON, b. 1644 (aged 49 at her death, per her coffin-plate); d. 28 Aug. 1693 Holmes Hall, near Rotherham, Yorkshire (per her coffin-plate), bur. Fitzalan Chapel, Arundel, Sussex, dau. of Robert Bickerton of St Martin in the Fields, by his wife Amy Hester [***]; m. 1st, secretly, c.1674, as his 2nd wife, HENRY HOWARD, 6th Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Arundel, Surrey, etc., b. 12 July 1628 Arundel House, Westminster; d. there 13 Jan. 1684, bur. Fitzalan Chapel, Arundel), second son of Henry Frederick Howard, 15th Earl of Arundel & Lady Elizabeth Stuart; m. 2nd, by 1690, Maj-Gen. THOMAS MAXWELL, d.s.p. in battle 4 Oct. 1693 Marsaglia, Piedmont, Italy.

Issue of Jane Bickerton and Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk:

1) Lord GEORGE HOWARD of Holmes Hall, b. 1668 (aged 54 at death, per his coffin-plate), d.s.p. 6 Mar. 1720/1 Croydon, Surrey, bur. 20 Mar. 1720/1 Fitzalan Chapel, Arundel; m. 1698 (separated 23 Jan. 1707), as her 2nd husband, ARABELLA (ALLEYN) THOMPSON, b. 5 Nov. 1655 Hatfield Priory, Hatfield Peverel, Essex, bap. 21 Nov. 1655 St Andrew Church, Hatfield Peverel; d. 9 July 1746, bur. St Andrew Church, Hatfield Peverel, widow of Francis Thompson of Humbleton, Yorks. (d. 27 Oct. 1693), and only dau. of Sir Edmund Alleyn, 2nd Baronet of Hatfield Peverel & Frances Gent.
[There will be more on Lord George Howard, his wife, and her first husband in an upcoming blogpost]
Fitzalan Chapel, Arundel

2) Lady CATHERINE HOWARD, b. 1671 London; d. unm. between 1725 and 1732 presumably in Ghent, Flanders [Belgium]; clothed a Benedictine nun at Ghent 7 June 1685, professed as Sister Constantia 21 June 1686. Per her entry in the Who Were the Nuns? website, Catherine was aged 15 when clothed and aged 16 when professed. As her father served as ambassador to Morocco from July 1669 to Oct. 1670, she was likely in her 15th year (i.e. age 14) when clothed. The most obscure of the grown children of Jane, Duchess of Norfolk, even Catherine's exact date of death apparently went unrecorded in the Abbey's chronicle.

3) Lord JAMES HOWARD, b. 1673 (said to be aged 22 in Aug. 1695); d. umm. 12 Aug. 1702 Sutton Wash, Lincolnshire. Little is known of the second son of the Duchess, aside from the fact that he fought a duel with Sir Richard Atkins on 1 Aug. 1695, and drowned while attempting to cross the Sutton Wash in Lincolnshire. A violent end to the firebrand of the family.
[See the 3rd footnote on p. 353 of H. Kent Staple Causton's The Howard Papers: with a Biographical Pedigree and Criticism]

4) Lady ANNE HOWARD, b. 4 Mar. 1675 Weybridge, Surrey, bap. same day St James Church, Weybridge [IGI Batch No.: P015211]; d. umm. 28 Nov. 1734 St Elizabeth English Convent, Bruges, Flanders [Belgium]; clothed an Augustinian nun at Bruges 21 Apr. 1692, professed as Sister Dominic 8 June 1693. Though apparently the first child born following the marriage of her parents, the secrecy surrounding their nuptials would nevertheless have cast doubt on Anne's legitimacy, making her prospects on the marriage market as limited as those of her elder sister. Clothed in Bruges just eight months after the death of her mother, when she was only age 17, sadly it seems the choice to lead a cloistered life was not Anne's to make. No doubt her elder brothers were following the wishes of their mother in having her do so. Per her entry in the Who Were the Nuns? website, Anne resented her fate: "Some time before her death she told one of our religious that she did not now repent her being a religious, and if it ware againe to do, it should be her own choice: that it was not so her first coming was wholly unknown to ye comunity tell after her profession or she would never have been professed here." She outlived all of her siblings, the last surviving child of Jane, Duchess of Norfolk.

5) Lady JANE HOWARD, b. 28 Mar. 1676 Weybridge, bap. same day St James Church, Weybridge [IGI Batch No.: P015211]; d. in infancy. This daughter is omitted from all of the published accounts of the Howard family, which suggests that she died in infancy before December 1677, when her father succeeded to the dukedom of Norfolk and made his secret marriage public.

Standish Coat of Arms
6) Lady PHILIPPA HOWARD, b. 19 Sept. 1678 Weybridge, bap. same day St James Church, Weybridge [IGI Batch No.: P015211]; d. 7 Apr. 1732 Standish Hall, Lancs., bur. same day St Wilfrid Church, Standish; m. 1697, as his 1st wife, RALPH STANDISH of Standish Hall, b. 1670; bur. 27 Oct. 1755 St Wilfrid Church, Standish, 2nd but eldest surviving son of William Standish of Standish Hall & Cecily Bindloss, and had issue.
[Lady Philippa Standish and her family will be covered in my next blog post]

7) Lord JOHN BRINO HOWARD, b. 27 Feb. 1682 Weybridge, bap. 15 Mar. 1682 St James Church, Weybridge [IGI Batch No.: P015211]; d. in infancy 2 Dec. 1682 (per his coffin-plate), bur. Fitzalan Chapel, Arundel, heart bur. Princenhoff.

8) Lord FREDERICK HENRY HOWARD of Holmes Hall, b. (posthumous) 23 Sept. 1684 Weybridge, bap. 7 Oct. 1684 St James Church, Weybridge [IGI Batch No.: P015211]; d.s.p. 16 Mar. 1727, bur. unknown; m. Dame CATHERINE (BLAKE) KENNEDY, b. c.1680; d. 22 Jan. 1731, widow of Sir Richard Kennedy, 4th Baronet of Mount Kennedy (d. Apr. 1710), and yst dau. of Sir Francis Blake of Ford Castle, Northumberland & Elizabeth Carr.
[Lord Frederick Howard, his wife, and her Edward III descents will be covered in an upcoming post]

[***] There is little information on Jane Bickerton's family. Her father Robert Bickerton married 7 February 1636/7 at St George Church, Southwark, Surrey, Amy Hester, only child of Robert Hester of St Giles in the Fields, whose will, dated 5 March 1641/2, was proved by Robert and Amy on 19 March 1641/2. The couple had two children who were baptized at St Margaret Church, Westminster: Robert Bickerton, on 10 December 1639, and "Elizabetha" Bickerton on 30 June 1642.  Another son Stephen Bickerton is mentioned in the will of Robert Hester. Jane's father Robert was the son of James Bickerton and his wife Anne, a daughter of William Stanhawe of Beddington, Yorkshire, and of Norwich, Norfolk. In 1609/10, William Stanhawe was granted 1500 acres in co. Armagh, Ireland, which land came to be the manor of Clontilew. Stanhawe, by a deed made 20 June 1640, conveyed half of Clontilew to his grandson Robert Bickerton of St Martin in the Fields. A Chancery Bill of 30 May 1671 details that this Robert Bickerton died in 1647, which means Jane was only a toddler when she lost her father. In 1661, Jane's brother Robert Bickerton (b. 1639) successfully petitioned for his half of Clontilew, and removed there, where he married Anne, daughter of Henry Bellingham of Gernonstown, co. Louth, and had issue. A manuscript (Egerton MS., 1075) in the possession of the Howards in the 19th century, states that Jane's father was "sometime yeoman of the cellar at Whitehall, or some such office," and gives the coat of arms of Bickerton as "Az. an eagle displayed gu, beaked S." Robert Hester, in his will, describes both himself and his son-in-law Robert Bickerton as "gentleman." Whatever the actual status of Jane's father and grandfather, it's clear, from their obscurity in surviving records, how much lower on the social scale they were from the Howards of Norfolk.

Cheers,                               ------Brad